Prophet Muhammad Swords – A Complete Guide to the Swords of the Final Messenger

In early Islamic history, swords were more than just tools of war—they symbolized courage, justice, and the defense of faith. They played a vital role in shaping the military and spiritual landscape of the time, especially during the formative years of Islam. Among the most revered weapons in Islamic tradition are the swords owned by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ himself.

Throughout his life, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ possessed several swords, each with its own distinct character, story, and purpose. These swords have been carefully preserved over centuries and continue to be displayed in museums and collections across the Islamic world. For many Muslims, these relics serve as powerful symbols of the Prophet’s strength, leadership, and unwavering commitment to his mission.

Each sword carries with it a legacy—etched with tales of battles, treaties, and the Prophet’s noble principles. From Zulfiqar to Al-Battar, these weapons are not only historical artifacts but also cultural treasures that reflect the values of an entire civilization.

This guide aims to respectfully explore the stories behind these swords, with reliable sources and reverence, we invite you to journey through the legacy of the swords of the Final Messenger.

The Role of Swords in 7th Century Arabia

In 7th century Arabia, the socio-political landscape was defined by tribal affiliations, frequent conflicts, and the constant need for survival in a harsh desert environment. With no central government, tribes relied on their own strength to protect their people, resources, and honor.

Swords were essential tools in this era, not just for warfare but for personal defense and asserting dominance during tribal disputes. They were a warrior’s most trusted companion, often used in battles, raids, and even in upholding justice within communities.

More than weapons, swords were symbols of power, bravery, and identity. A warrior was often recognized by his sword,its craftsmanship, its history, and how he wielded it in battle. Carrying a sword was a mark of honor, and possessing a legendary or finely made blade added to a warrior’s prestige in society.

How Many Swords Did Prophet Muhammad Have?

Historians and Islamic scholars widely agree that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ owned nine swords during his lifetime. However, like many elements of early Islamic history, the exact number can vary slightly depending on the source and narration.

Among these swords, several stand out for their historical and symbolic importance. Zulfiqar is perhaps the most renowned, known for its distinctive split blade and close association with Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA), to whom the Prophet later gifted it. Al-Ma’thur, inherited from his father, is believed to be the first sword the Prophet ﷺ ever owned and carried during early battles. Al-Rasub, Al-Battar, and Hatf are other notable swords, each with its own unique background and usage during different phases of the Prophet’s life.

These swords were not only functional tools of war but also held deep symbolic meaning, representing the Prophet’s role as both a spiritual leader and a statesman who navigated a challenging era with strength and dignity.

Names of Prophet Muhammad’s Swords

Prophet Muhammad ﷺ possessed several swords, each with a unique name and history. Below is a quick list of the most commonly referenced swords, with their Arabic names and English transliterations:

المأثور (Al-Ma’thur) – Also known as Ma’thur al-Fijar, inherited from his father.
العضب (Al-‘Adhb) – A sword he used in the Battle of Badr.
البتار (Al-Battar) – Sometimes called the “Sword of the Prophets.”
الرسوب (Al-Rasub) – Known for its fine craftsmanship.
الحتف (Hatf) – A sword used in both battle and ceremonial contexts.
القلعي (Al-Qal’i) – A lesser-known sword, believed to be of Roman origin.
الزمردة (Al-Zumurrud) – Named after its emerald-like adornment.
المخذم (Al-Mikhdham) – A sharp-edged blade used in battles.
ذو الفقار (Zulfiqar) – The most famous of all, gifted to Ali (RA) after the Battle of Uhud.

Each of these swords holds its own place in Islamic heritage, which we’ll explore in more detail in the sections that follow.

Al-Ma’thur (Ma’thur)

Origin & Acquisition

Al-Ma’thur, also known as Ma’thur al-Fijar, is believed to be the first sword owned by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. It came into his possession through inheritance from his father, Abdullah ibn Abdul Muttalib. This sword was with the Prophet even before he received revelation, making it one of the oldest weapons associated with him. Historical narratives suggest that he carried it during his early life and in some of the first battles fought by the Muslims.

Story & Significance

Al-Ma’thur was reportedly carried by the Prophet ﷺ during the Battle of Badr, the first major battle in Islamic history. Although it was not the sword he used most frequently in later battles, its sentimental and historical value remains unmatched. The sword is known for its inscription, which is said to include the name of the Prophet’s father along with poetic verses or tribal markings, though the exact wording varies among historical sources.

Where is Al-Ma’thur Now?

Today, Al-Ma’thur is believed to be preserved in the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul, Turkey, where several of the Prophet’s relics are housed. It is displayed with reverence as part of the Ottoman collection of sacred trusts (Al-Amanat al-Muqaddasah), drawing thousands of visitors who wish to connect with this early piece of Islamic history.

Al-Rasub

Origin & Acquisition

Al-Rasub was one of the swords owned by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, and it is commonly believed to have been acquired as part of war booty during one of the early Islamic campaigns. While the exact source of acquisition isn’t always clearly documented, some historians mention that the sword may have come into the Prophet’s possession during a raid or as a spoils of war from a defeated tribe or army. Unlike Al-Ma’thur, Al-Rasub was not inherited but rather obtained during the course of his prophethood.

Story & Significance

Al-Rasub is known for its fine craftsmanship and elegant design, making it stand out among the Prophet’s swords. Although it is not mentioned as prominently in specific battles like Badr or Uhud, it is still considered significant due to its quality and the time period in which it was used. There are no widely accepted inscriptions recorded on this sword, but historical descriptions highlight its long, straight blade and refined construction, indicating it may have been of Persian or Roman origin.

Where is Al-Rasub Now?

Today, Al-Rasub is believed to be preserved in the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul, Turkey, alongside other swords and relics associated with Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. It is part of the Sacred Trusts collection and continues to be a source of reverence and reflection for Muslims around the world.

Al-Battar

Origin & Acquisition

Al-Battar, often referred to as the “Sword of the Prophets,” is believed to have been acquired by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as war booty after the Battle of Badr or possibly from a Jewish tribe, such as Banu Qaynuqa, following one of the early Islamic campaigns. Some historical sources suggest that it may have originally belonged to a Jewish warrior or came from the collection of a tribe that had access to swords of various origins, including those with Christian and Roman influences.

Prophet Muhammad Swords – A Complete Guide to the Swords of the Final Messenger

Story & Significance

Al-Battar is particularly fascinating because of its cross-cultural symbolism. The sword is said to have inscriptions bearing the names of earlier prophets—including David (Dawud), Moses (Musa), and Jesus (Isa)—leading some scholars to refer to it as the “Sword of the Prophets.” The blade’s design and markings suggest Byzantine or Christian craftsmanship, reflecting the complex cultural interactions in 7th century Arabia.

While not linked to a specific major battle by name, Al-Battar represents the idea of prophetic lineage and continuity of divine guidance, making it symbolically significant among the Prophet’s swords. Some accounts also describe unique engravings on the sword, including a depiction of a lion, although these details vary across historical texts.

Where is the Al-Battar Now?

Al-Battar is currently believed to be housed in the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul, Turkey, along with other swords of the Prophet ﷺ. It is displayed as part of the Sacred Trusts and draws attention not only for its religious significance but also for its artistic and intercultural design, linking the monotheistic traditions through one powerful relic.

Al-Hatf

Origin & Acquisition

Al-Hatf was acquired by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as booty of war, likely during campaigns against tribes like Banu Qaynuqa or Banu Nadir. Its name means “fatal blow” or “swift strike,” symbolizing its power.

Story & Significance

Though not as prominently mentioned in battle accounts, Al-Hatf is valued for its strength and balance. It may have been used in later military or ceremonial roles. No confirmed inscriptions are noted, but some believe it carried minimal tribal markings.

Where is the Al-Hatf Now?

Al-Hatf is currently preserved in the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul, displayed among the Sacred Trusts of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Source

Al-Qadib

Origin & Acquisition

Al-Qadib was a slender, straight sword that Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is believed to have acquired either as a gift or inheritance. Unlike some of the other swords gained through battles, Al-Qadib seems to have come into his possession during the peaceful periods of his life. There are limited narrations about its exact origins, but its lighter build suggests it may have been used more ceremonially than in warfare.

Story & Significance

Al-Qadib is not linked to any specific battles, and many historians believe it served a symbolic or diplomatic purpose. It was likely worn during formal events, treaties, or religious gatherings rather than combat. The sword is described as being slender and straight, with a refined appearance. Some reports mention inscriptions of Qur’anic verses on its blade, although these claims are not confirmed in primary Islamic sources.

Where is the Al-Qadib Now?

Today, Al-Qadib is preserved in the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul, Turkey, as part of the Sacred Relics collection. It remains on display for visitors, offering a glimpse into the personal belongings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and his era.

Interested in Buying a Replica of the Al-Qadib Sword?

Al-Mikhdham

Origin & Acquisition

Al-Mikhdham is one of the nine swords attributed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. According to some reports, it was acquired as booty of war by Ali ibn Abi Talib during a military expedition in Syria. The sword was later passed to the Prophet and eventually returned to Ali, becoming part of the Prophet’s personal collection.

Story & Significance

While Al-Mikhdham is not prominently featured in major battle accounts, its inclusion among the Prophet’s swords underscores its historical value. The name “Mikhdham” is derived from the Arabic root meaning “to cut” or “to sever,” suggesting its effectiveness as a weapon. The sword’s blade measures approximately 97 cm in length.

Where is Al-Mikhdham Now?

Today, Al-Mikhdham is preserved in the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul, Turkey, as part of the Sacred Relics collection. It is displayed alongside other swords attributed to the Prophet ﷺ, offering visitors a tangible connection to early Islamic history.

Al-ʿAdb

Origin & Acquisition

Al-ʿAdb (Arabic: العَضب), meaning “cutting” or “sharp,” was gifted to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ by his companion Saʿd ibn ʿUbādah just before the Battle of Badr. This sword became part of the Prophet’s personal arsenal during the early stages of the Islamic military campaigns.

Story & Significance

Prophet Muhammad ﷺ wielded Al-ʿAdb during the Battle of Uhud, where it served as a symbol of strength and unity among the Muslims. The sword was also used by his companions, notably Abu Dujanah, to demonstrate their loyalty and valor in battle.

While specific inscriptions on Al-ʿAdb are not widely documented, its name and usage in significant battles underscore its importance in Islamic history.

Where is Al-ʿAdb Now?

Today, Al-ʿAdb is preserved in the Al-Hussein Mosque in Cairo, Egypt. It remains a revered artifact, reflecting the martial heritage of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and the early Muslim community.

Al-Dhu al-Fiqar (Zulfiqar)

Origin & Acquisition

Al-Dhu al-Fiqar (Arabic: ذو الفقار), also known as Zulfiqar, was a sword acquired by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as booty from the Battle of Badr. He later gifted it to his cousin and son-in-law, Ali ibn Abi Talib, during the Battle of Uhud, recognizing Ali’s valor in defending Islam.

Story & Significance

Zulfiqar is renowned for its distinctive bifurcated (double-pointed) blade, symbolizing justice and strength. During the Battle of Uhud, Ali wielded Zulfiqar to protect the Prophet, leading to the famous proclamation: “There is no sword but Zulfiqar, and no hero but Ali.” This event cemented the sword’s legendary status in Islamic history .

In Shi’a Islam, Zulfiqar holds profound significance, often depicted in art, flags, and jewelry. It symbolizes Ali’s rightful leadership and is associated with the concept of divine justice. The sword is also linked to eschatological beliefs, with traditions stating that it will be wielded by the awaited Imam Mahdi .

Where is Zulfiqar Now?

The current whereabouts of Zulfiqar are unknown. Some traditions suggest it was passed down through the lineage of Imams and is now with the hidden Imam Mahdi. Others believe it was returned to the divine realm. In 2025, a Swiss collector claimed to have discovered Zulfiqar, but experts have cast doubt on the authenticity of this claim .

Interested in Buying a Replica of the Zulfiqar Sword?

Transfer of Swords of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ from Makkah to the Ottoman Empire

During the rise of the Ottoman Empire, particularly under Sultan Selim I in the early 16th century, a significant number of Islamic relics,including several swords of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ,were transferred from Makkah to Istanbul. This transfer followed the Ottoman conquest of the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt and their subsequent claim as Custodians of the Two Holy Mosques (Haramayn).

The Ottomans saw themselves as protectors of the Islamic faith, and moving these relics was part of their effort to centralize Islamic heritage and symbolism under their rule. These sacred objects, including the Prophet’s swords, were carefully preserved and placed in the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, specifically in the Chamber of Sacred Relics.

This act was not only a sign of reverence but also a strategic move to legitimize the Ottoman caliphate, establishing their spiritual authority across the Muslim world. To this day, these relics,including the Prophet’s swords remain preserved and on display, drawing millions of visitors and scholars seeking to connect with Islamic history.

Swords of the Prophet ﷺ in Islamic Literature and Hadith

Among the Prophet’s swords, Dhu al-Fiqar is the most prominently mentioned in authentic Hadith. The Sunan of Abu Dawood narrates that the Prophet ﷺ wielded this sword during the Battle of Uhud, and it was later passed to Ali ibn Abi Talib. The Hadith describes the sword’s distinctive bifurcated blade and its association with the Prophet’s valor and leadership.

Seerah texts, such as “Al-Sīrah al-Nabawīyah” by Ibn Hisham and “Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra” by Ibn Sa’d, provide detailed accounts of the Prophet’s swords. These works describe various swords, including Al-Ma’thur, Al-Battar, Al-Hatf, and Al-Qadib, detailing their origins, appearances, and the contexts in which they were used. For instance, Al-Ma’thur is noted as the Prophet’s first sword, inherited from his father, while Al-Battar is described as a sword of great significance, possibly used during the Battle of Badr.

Inscriptions and Symbolism

“Keep ties with those who cut you off, and do good to those who harmed you, and speak the truth even if it were against your own self.”

How the Swords Influence Muslim Identity Today

The swords of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ are more than historical relics,they symbolize valor, justice, and faith. Across generations and regions—from India to the UAE and the USA,they’ve inspired a deep sense of Muslim identity.

Today, replicas of these swords are displayed in museums, exhibitions, and schools, fostering both cultural pride and spiritual connection. Notably, Topkapi Palace in Istanbul houses many of the originals, drawing Muslims and historians from across the globe.

At Smew India, we’re honored to recreate swords like Al-Qadib and Zulfiqar, using detailed historical references. These aren’t just decorative items—they’re used in educational and religious settings throughout India.

For us, these weapons are not just part of history,they’re a living symbol of our shared values. And we’re humbled to help preserve that legacy for Muslims worldwide.

Takeaways

The swords of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ are more than weapons—they reflect his values of justice, courage, and mercy. Each one tells a story from his life, offering insight into the early days of Islam.

As we learn about these relics, whether through books, museums, or replicas, let’s approach them with respect and curiosity. They aren’t just pieces of history—they are symbols of timeless character and faith.

May this guide inspire continued learning and deeper appreciation of our shared Islamic heritage.